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| 2 |
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Q:
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Ketosis is a bodily state of elevated ketone bodies in the blood, formed by ketogenesis. Ketogenesis begins once the glycogen levels in the liver are depleted. Which of the following is the most likely source of ketone bodies formed after the depletion of liver glycogen stores? |
|
A
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blood glucose |
B
|
brain tissue |
C
|
muscle tissue |
D
|
fatty acids |
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|
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Tags:
Metabolism of Fatty Acids and Proteins | |
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| 3 |
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Q:
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Into which cycle does fatty acid oxidation typically lead if its product is Acetyl-CoA? |
|
A
|
Glycolysis |
B
|
TCA cycle |
C
|
Electron Transport Chain |
D
|
Anaerobic fermentation |
|
|
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Tags:
Metabolism of Fatty Acids and Proteins | |
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| 4 |
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Q:
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Cadaverine is a putrid-smelling compound produced as a byproduct of lysine metabolism. Which of the following individuals is likely producing the largest quantities of cadaverine? |
|
A
|
athlete at the beginning of a long-distance run |
B
|
emaciated resident of a region during a famine |
C
|
individual on a high-fat, low protein diet |
D
|
adolescent in puberty |
|
|
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Tags:
Metabolism of Fatty Acids and Proteins | |
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| 6 |
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Q:
|
Ketogenesis is a metabolic process where ketone bodies are produced as a result of fatty acid breakdown. In humans, high levels of ketogenesis would most likely occur at which point? |
|
A
|
Before the depletion of glycogen stores |
B
|
Concurrently with the depletion of glycogen stores |
C
|
Immediately after glycogen store depletion |
D
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Only in times of metabolic crisis in conjunction with protein degradation for energy production |
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|
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Tags:
Metabolism of Fatty Acids and Proteins | |
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| 8 |
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Q:
|
Trans fats, as opposed to cis fats, are commonly produced when chemically hydrogenating fatty acid chains, but are rarely produced enzymatically. Which of the following best explains the discrepancy? |
|
A
|
Chemical hydrogenation occurs at higher temperatures which allows for production of trans fats that cannot form a physiological temperatures. |
B
|
Enzymatic hydrogenation occurs in aqueous solution which prevents the formation of trans fats, whereas chemical hydrogenation can use non-aqueous solvents. |
C
|
Synthetic modification of foods leads to the production of unexpected compounds. |
D
|
The hydrogenating enzymes are stereospecific. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Metabolism of Fatty Acids and Proteins | |
|
| 9 |
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Q:
|
Beta oxidation breaks down fatty acids by feeding into which of of the following? |
|
A
|
Glycolysis as acetyl-CoA |
B
|
Krebs Cycle as acetyl-CoA |
C
|
Glycolysis as pyruvate |
D
|
Krebs Cycle as pyruvate |
|
|
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Tags:
Metabolism of Fatty Acids and Proteins | |
|
| 10 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following is correct in regard to the metabolism of fatty acids?
|
|
A
|
Acetyl-CoA is produced, which increases the rate of the Citric Acid Cycle
|
B
|
Acetyl-CoA is produced, which decreases the rate of the Citric Acid Cycle
|
C
|
Glucose 6-phosphate is produced, which increases the rate of the Citric Acid Cycle
|
D
|
Glucose 6-phosphate is produced, which decreases the rate of the Citric Acid Cycle
|
|
|
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Tags:
Metabolism of Fatty Acids and Proteins | Lipids | |
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| 13 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following does NOT help describe the distinction between ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids?
|
|
A
|
Ketogenic amino acids undergo an aminotransferase reaction and are combined to yield acetyl-CoA
|
B
|
Ketogenic amino acids are catabolized to yield acetyl-CoA
|
C
|
Glucogenic amino acids are catabolized to intermediates that serve as substrates for gluconeogenesis, such as pyruvate
|
D
|
Glucogenic amino acids can be converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis
|
|
|
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Tags:
Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, PPP | Metabolism of Fatty Acids and Proteins | |
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| 14 |
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Q:
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Which of the following is NOT correct in regard to alanine and amino acid catabolism?
|
|
A
|
Alanine cannot be formed from the initial breakdown of glucose during glycolysis
|
B
|
Alanine is utilized and transported to the liver (from the muscles) during amino acid catabolism
|
C
|
Alanine is formed from pyruvate in the muscles
|
D
|
Alanine's reconstitution in the liver results in the production of urea
|
|
|
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Tags:
Protein Structure and Function | Metabolism of Fatty Acids and Proteins | Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, PPP | |
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| 15 |
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Q:
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Which of the following is NOT correct in regard to fatty acid transport into the mitochondrial matrix?
|
|
A
|
Fatty acid transport into the mitochondrial matrix is the rate-limiting step in beta oxidation.
|
B
|
The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to fatty acyl CoA.
|
C
|
A specialized carrier system transports activated fatty acids from the cytosol to mitochondria.
|
D
|
Fatty acyl groups that enter the matrix are not committed to oxidation to acetyl-CoA.
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|
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Tags:
Citric Acid Cycle | Metabolism of Fatty Acids and Proteins | Membrane Transport and Signalling | |
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| 16 |
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Q:
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Which of the following is correct about the beta oxidation of fatty acids?
|
|
A
|
Occurs in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria
|
B
|
Produces one molecule each of NADPH and FADH2 in a single round
|
C
|
Is the same for unsaturated and saturated fatty acids
|
D
|
Produces two-carbon molecules that then enter the Citric Acid Cycle
|
|
|
|
Tags:
Oxidative Phosphorylation | Metabolism of Fatty Acids and Proteins | Citric Acid Cycle | |
|
| 17 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following is true regarding the production of electron carriers during beta oxidation? |
|
A
|
Only NADH is formed during beta oxidation.
|
B
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Only FADH2 is formed during beta oxidation.
|
C
|
Both NADH and FADH2 are formed during beta oxidation.
|
D
|
Neither NADH or FADH2 is formed during beta oxidation.
|
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|
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Tags:
Metabolism of Fatty Acids and Proteins | Oxidative Phosphorylation | |
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| 18 |
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Q:
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The pentose phosphate pathway differs from glycolysis in that: |
|
A
|
the pentose phosphate pathway occurs in the mitochondria while glycolysis occurs in the cytosol.
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B
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the pentose phosphate pathway produces NAD+ while glycolysis produces NADH.
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C
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the pentose phosphate pathway produces a precursor for the synthesis of fatty acids while glycolysis produces a precursor for the oxidation of fatty acids.
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D
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the pentose phosphate pathway starts with the oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate while glycolysis starts with the oxidation of glucose.
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Tags:
Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, PPP | Metabolism of Fatty Acids and Proteins | |
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| 21 |
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Q:
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Which of the following biochemical processes result in the production of beta-hydroxybutyrate? |
|
A
|
citric acid cycle |
B
|
pentose phosphate pathway |
C
|
gluconeogenesis |
D
|
ketogenesis |
|
|
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Tags:
Metabolism of Fatty Acids and Proteins | |
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| 23 |
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Q:
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In which of the following structures does beta-oxidation occur in prokaryotes? |
|
A
|
cytosol |
B
|
plasma membrane |
C
|
mitochondria |
D
|
within cytoplasmic inclusions |
|
|
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Tags:
Metabolism of Fatty Acids and Proteins | |
|
|
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