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| 1 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following is NOT true about endocrine glands? |
|
A
|
They help maintain homeostasis |
B
|
They secrete hormones that affect remote target cells |
C
|
They secrete hormones that are transported through the bloodstream |
D
|
They secrete enzymes that affect remote target cells |
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|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
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| 2 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following is released by the adrenal medulla? |
|
A
|
glucagon |
B
|
aldosterone |
C
|
glucocorticoids |
D
|
epinephrine |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
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| 3 |
Go |
Q:
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The hypothalamus indirectly induces the adrenal cortex to secrete corticosteroids by releasing which of the following? |
|
A
|
enzymes that catalyze receptors at the adrenal cortex |
B
|
releasing adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) |
C
|
releasing coticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) |
D
|
releasing luteinizing hormone (LH) |
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|
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Tags:
Endocrine System | |
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| 4 |
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Q:
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Atrazine is an herbicide claimed to be an endocrine disruptor, causing demasculinization in male frogs among other effects. Which of the following would most likely be affected by atrazine? |
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A
|
occular function |
B
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thyroid function |
C
|
liver function |
D
|
digestive function |
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|
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Tags:
Endocrine System | |
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| 5 |
Go |
Q:
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Unlike most polypeptide hormones, steroid hormones are unique in that they |
|
A
|
Activate gene transcription |
B
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Diffuse across cell membranes |
C
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Can bind proteins |
D
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Can be used as therapeutic drugs |
|
|
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Tags:
Endocrine System | |
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| 6 |
Go |
Q:
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A drastic change in the metabolic rate of a human would most likely result from the |
|
A
|
oversecretion of the salivary glands |
B
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overproduction of auxins |
C
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deterioration of the skeletal system |
D
|
malfunction of the endocrine glands |
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|
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Tags:
Endocrine System | |
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| 7 |
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Q:
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Which of the following statements about endocrine glands is true? |
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A
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they are ductless |
B
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they secrete autocrines |
C
|
very few, if any, of its hormones are steroid-based |
D
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all endocrine glands are derived from endoderm |
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|
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Tags:
Endocrine System | |
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| 8 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following hormones, when released from the posterior pituitary, would result in less frequent urination? |
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A
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ADH |
B
|
TSH |
C
|
FSH |
D
|
Aldosterone |
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|
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Tags:
Hormonal Regulation | Endocrine System | |
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| 9 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following hormones is not produced by the anterior pituitary? |
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A
|
ACTH |
B
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Aldosterone |
C
|
Prolactin |
D
|
FSH |
|
|
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Tags:
Endocrine System | |
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| 10 |
Go |
Q:
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Why is the pancreas considered both an exocrine and an endocrine gland? |
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A
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Exocrine because it secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream; endocrine because it secretes its products into ducts |
B
|
Endocrine because it secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream; exocrine because it secretes its products into ducts |
C
|
Exocrine because it receives chemical messengers from the bloodstream; endocrine because it receives chemical messengers from ducts |
D
|
Endocrine because it receives chemical messengers from the bloodstream; exocrine because it receives chemical messengers from ducts |
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|
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Tags:
Endocrine System | Digestive System | |
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| 11 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following is not a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary? |
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A
|
Prolactin |
B
|
ADH |
C
|
LH |
D
|
TSH |
|
|
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Tags:
Endocrine System | |
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| 12 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following is an example of positive feedback? |
|
A
|
Estrogen spike during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. |
B
|
Knee-jerk reflex pathway |
C
|
Production of PTH |
D
|
Insulin production |
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|
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Tags:
Nervous System | Endocrine System | |
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| 14 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following are paired incorrectly? |
|
A
|
posterior pituitary and oxytocin |
B
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anterior pituitary and FSH |
C
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pancreas and insulin |
D
|
testes and progesterone |
|
|
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Tags:
Endocrine System | |
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| 15 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following hormones is correctly matched with its correct organ of production? |
|
A
|
Insulin - thyroid |
B
|
Glucagon - parathyroid |
C
|
Human growth hormone - posterior pituitary |
D
|
Aldosterone - adrenal cortex |
|
|
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Tags:
Endocrine System | |
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| 16 |
Go |
Q:
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Aromatase catalyzes the formation of estrogens from testosterone. Increasing aromatase gene transcription would likely have which of the following effects on an adult organism, assuming it is capable of switching sex? |
|
A
|
Converting the organism from male to female |
B
|
Converting the organism from female to male |
C
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Sterilizing the organism while retaining gonadal size |
D
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Sterilizing the organism by eliminating the gonads |
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|
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Tags:
Reproductive System | Endocrine System | |
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| 17 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following pairs are incorrectly matched? |
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A
|
ADH - increased blood pressure |
B
|
FSH - stimulation of Sertoli cells |
C
|
Epinephrine - decrease of respiratory rate |
D
|
Estradiol - enhancement of female secondary sex characteristics |
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|
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Tags:
Endocrine System | |
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| 18 |
Go |
Q:
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An individual has an adenoma, which is a tumor of a gland within the body. It is found that this adenoma results in an increased release of aldosterone from the adrenal gland. Which of the following effects could be expected? |
|
A
|
Hypokalemia, a condition of low serum potassium |
B
|
Lowered blood pressure |
C
|
Maturation of the ovarian follicle |
D
|
Premature menstruation from shedding endometrial lining |
|
|
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Tags:
Endocrine System | |
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| 19 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following holds true for urine of an individual with an abnormally high concentration of circulating ADH? |
|
A
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Hypertonic urine (compared to a normal individual) |
B
|
Hypotonic urine (compared to a normal individual) |
C
|
Isotonic urine (compared to a normal individual), because ADH will not affect urine concentration |
D
|
Isotonic urine (compared to a normal individual), however the specific ionic composition of the urine will be different |
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|
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Tags:
Endocrine System | |
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| 20 |
Go |
Q:
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Hyperaldosteronism is a condition where too much aldosterone is found in the circulation. This can occur through a dysfunction of the adrenal glands, or potentially through an aldosterone-releasing tumor. Which of the following physiological effects would this condition be expected to elicit? |
|
A
|
Hyperkalemia (high potassium concentration in the blood) |
B
|
Increased blood pressure |
C
|
Extensive sodium found in the urine |
D
|
All of the above |
|
|
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Tags:
Endocrine System | |
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| 21 |
Go |
Q:
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After certain nuclear diasters, iodine-131 is often released into the environment as a product of fission reactions. Iodine-131 is radioactive and will be taken into the body like any other iodine atom. For an individual who ingests iodine-131, which part of the body becomes particularly vulnerable to the radiation? |
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A
|
skin |
B
|
eyes |
C
|
thymus |
D
|
thyroid |
|
|
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Tags:
Endocrine System | |
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| 22 |
Go |
Q:
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A particular hormone is discovered to induce its effects by binding to surface proteins of receptor cells rather than passing through the membrane and activating intracellular receptors. This hormone is most likely which of the following types? |
|
A
|
peptide hormone |
B
|
steroid hormone |
C
|
tyrosine-based hormone |
D
|
The answer cannot be determined with the given information. |
|
|
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Tags:
Endocrine System | |
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| 23 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following endocrine glands releases calcitonin? |
|
A
|
Hypothalamus |
B
|
Thyroid |
C
|
Parathyroid |
D
|
Pancreas |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
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| 24 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following hormone pairs creates a positive feedback loop in the body? |
|
A
|
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and estrogen |
B
|
Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone |
C
|
Insulin and glucagon |
D
|
Aldosterone and vasopressin |
|
|
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Tags:
Reproductive System | Endocrine System | |
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| 25 |
Go |
Q:
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The hormones TRH (from the hypothalamus), TSH (from the pituitary), and thyroid hormone (from the thyroid gland) all act in a system of negative feedback. Which of the following would be expected to decrease in a condition where the thyroid gland is over-producing thyroid hormone? |
|
A
|
Heart rate |
B
|
Basal metabolic rate |
C
|
Catecholamine effect |
D
|
TSH and TRH |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
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| 26 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following would hold true for an individual born with an ADH-deficiency? |
|
A
|
Decreased ability to lactate |
B
|
Decreased ability to concentrate urine |
C
|
Increased ability to concentrate urine |
D
|
Decreased sodium concentration in blood |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
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| 27 |
Go |
Q:
|
ADH, a common mammalian hormone, is important in |
|
A
|
Controlling the periodicity of the menstrual cycle |
B
|
Increasing urine volume |
C
|
Controlling reabsorption in the tubules of the kidney |
D
|
Increasing blood levels of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 28 |
Go |
Q:
|
The compound above can act as a hormone. Its method of sending its signal to cells is most probably: |
|
A
|
binding to membrane-bound hormone receptors on cell surfaces. |
B
|
traversing the cell membrane and binding to cytosolic hormone receptors. |
C
|
binding to extracellular hormone receptors which cleave the molecule and allow it traverse the cell membrane and stimulate its response. |
D
|
traversing the cell membrane and binding to membrane-bound hormone receptors on the inner cell surface. |
|
|
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Tags:
Membrane Transport and Signalling | Endocrine System | |
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| 29 |
Go |
Q:
|
The anterior and posterior pituitary are both responsible for hormone release into the body, however they have largely distinct properties and function. Which of the following incorrectly states one of these differences? |
|
A
|
LH and FSH released from the anterior pituitary affect reproductive function |
B
|
A destruction of the posterior pituitary may affect water retention |
C
|
The posterior pituitary is mainly a collection of axons |
D
|
The anterior pituitary is responsible for milk ejection |
|
|
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Tags:
Endocrine System | |
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| 30 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary is incorrectly paired with its function? |
|
A
|
ACTH - stimulates the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex |
B
|
TSH - regulates the release of T3 and T4 from the thyroid |
C
|
Prolactin - promotes the production of milk in the breasts |
D
|
hGH - increases the permeability of the kidneys to water to retain fluids within the body |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 31 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following hormones is associated with increased calcium deposit in the bone and decreased calcium concentration in the blood? |
|
A
|
Parathyroid hormone |
B
|
Calcitonin |
C
|
Thyroxine |
D
|
Glucagon |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 32 |
Go |
Q:
|
In an experiment to understand the biological impact of Astatine, a radioactive element, scientists concluded that its metabolism was very similar to that of iodine. This suggests Astatine was found localized in: |
|
A
|
the thyroid. |
B
|
the kidneys. |
C
|
the liver. |
D
|
fatty tissues. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
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| 33 |
Go |
Q:
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The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the metabolism of lipids and steroids. Which of the following tissues would be expected to have cells with an enlarged smooth endoplasmic reticulum? |
|
A
|
testes |
B
|
pancreas |
C
|
hypothalamus |
D
|
thyroid |
|
|
|
Tags:
Eukaryotic Cells | Endocrine System | |
|
| 34 |
Go |
Q:
|
A molecule is discovered which blocks production of TSH from the anterior pituitary. What effect would this have in the body? |
|
A
|
Decrease prolactin release |
B
|
Increase thyroid stimulation |
C
|
Stop ovulation in women |
D
|
Decrease metabolism |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
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| 35 |
Go |
Q:
|
Prostaglandins are paracrine messengers, which means their target sites are: |
|
A
|
far from their secretion sites. |
B
|
in close proximity to their secretion sites. |
C
|
the same as the cells that secrete them. |
D
|
only accessible through the bloodstream. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 36 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following would be an expected symptom of hyperparathyroidism? |
|
A
|
low blood calcium levels |
B
|
osteoporosis |
C
|
elevated metabolic rate |
D
|
lowered metabolic rate |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 37 |
Go |
Q:
|
Syndrome of inappropriate diuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is a syndrome characterized by excess release of ADH from the posterior pituitary. Which of the following effects would this be expected to have? |
|
A
|
Destruction of the collecting duct system |
B
|
Decreased concentration of sodium ions within urine |
C
|
Decreased concentration of sodium ions in plasma |
D
|
Increased urine output |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 38 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which one of the following pairings of hormones and the gland that produces them is INCORRECT? |
|
A
|
Cortisol, Adrenal Gland |
B
|
Thyroxine, Thyroid Gland |
C
|
Progesterone, Hypothalamus |
D
|
Testosterone, Testes |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 39 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which one of the following hormones is NOT produced in the same gland as the others? |
|
A
|
ACTH |
B
|
FSH |
C
|
Prolactin |
D
|
Oxytocin |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 40 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following is an expected effect of decreased calcitonin secretion? |
|
A
|
Diffuse steroid hormone effects throughout the body |
B
|
Decreased thyroid hormone function |
C
|
Increased serum calcium |
D
|
Salt wasting by the kidneys |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 41 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following does not serve as an example of negative feedback? |
|
A
|
A thermostat |
B
|
Production of PTH by the parathyroid |
C
|
ACTH release by the pituitary gland |
D
|
The delivery of an offspring |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 42 |
Go |
Q:
|
The renin-angiotensin system is a mechanism within the body which regulates blood pressure and fluid balance. As a simplification, renin release by the kidney results in aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex. Which of the following would be expected to result in an individual with a reninoma (a tumor which releases an abundance of renin)? |
|
A
|
Increased blood pressure, decreased sodium retention |
B
|
Increased blood pressure, increased sodium retention |
C
|
Decreased blood pressure, decreased sodium retention |
D
|
Decreased blood pressure, increased sodium retention |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 43 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which one of the following endocrine systems is involved in the establishment and maintenance of human circadian rhythms? |
|
A
|
Pituitary gland
|
B
|
Pineal gland
|
C
|
Pancreas |
D
|
Thyroid gland
|
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | Hormonal Regulation | |
|
| 44 |
Go |
Q:
|
What type of hormone is released from a cell and then acts on neighboring cells? |
|
A
|
Endocrine |
B
|
Autocrine |
C
|
Intracrine |
D
|
Paracrine |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | Hormonal Regulation | |
|
| 45 |
Go |
Q:
|
A cluster of cancerous tumor cells is found to produce and secrete growth factors. These growth factors then cause the surrounding somatic cells to grow and divide. Which of the following best describes this type of chemical signaling? |
|
A
|
Paracrine |
B
|
Autocrine |
C
|
Endocrine |
D
|
Intracrine |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 46 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following is TRUE regarding unfertilized oocytes in human females? |
|
A
|
Unfertilized oocytes mature in the uterus.
|
B
|
Unfertilized oocytes mature in response to an increase in FSH and LH.
|
C
|
Unfertilized oocytes mature in response to an increase in gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH).
|
D
|
Unfertilized oocytes mature in response to an increase in estrogen.
|
|
|
|
Tags:
Reproductive System | Hormonal Regulation | Endocrine System | |
|
| 47 |
Go |
Q:
|
A woman with regular menstrual cycles undergoes fertility testing. Tests reveal a typical LH surge occurring; however, additional testing also shows low progesterone levels throughout the menstrual cycle. Which of the following is most likely responsible for any difficulties in conception? |
|
A
|
Inability to develop mature vesicular follicles
|
B
|
Estrogen deficiency
|
C
|
GnRH deficiency
|
D
|
Inability to develop a healthy corpus luteum
|
|
|
|
Tags:
Hormonal Regulation | Reproductive System | Endocrine System | |
|
| 48 |
Go |
Q:
|
Overactive parathyroid glands can result in: |
|
A
|
the increased breakdown of bone.
|
B
|
hypocalcemia. |
C
|
decreased kidney clearance of calcium.
|
D
|
decreased calcium absorption in the intestine.
|
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 49 |
Go |
Q:
|
A researcher is testing a new molecular compound and notes that the compound is an antagonist of estrogen. If present in the body, this compound would likely: |
|
A
|
block LH production and prevent ovulation.
|
B
|
inhibit the production of GnRH.
|
C
|
block serotonin production.
|
D
|
prevent the formation of primary oocytes.
|
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | Reproductive System | Hormonal Regulation | |
|
| 53 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following hormones is NOT released as a stress-response mechanism? |
|
A
|
Prolactin |
B
|
Cortisol |
C
|
Epinephrine |
D
|
ACTH |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 54 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following organs, if absent, would prohibit ACTH from appropriately acting? |
|
A
|
kidney |
B
|
gallbladder |
C
|
small intestine |
D
|
adrenal gland |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 56 |
Go |
Q:
|
An individual has a mutation in their parathyroid which results in increased PTH production. This would result in: |
|
A
|
hypercalcemia. |
B
|
hypocalcemia. |
C
|
decreased osteoclast activity. |
D
|
increased thyroid hormone activity. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 57 |
Go |
Q:
|
An overabundance of glucagon in the body would be expected to cause: |
|
A
|
hyperglycemia. |
B
|
hypoglycemia. |
C
|
diabetes mellitus. |
D
|
increased production of salivary amylase. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 58 |
Go |
Q:
|
C cells in the thyroid are responsible for: |
|
A
|
increasing renal reabsorption of electrolytes. |
B
|
inhibiting osteoclasts. |
C
|
increasing levels of PTH in the blood. |
D
|
sending downstream signals to the posterior pituitary. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 59 |
Go |
Q:
|
which of the following is false regarding glucagon? |
|
A
|
it is produced by alpha cells in the pancreas |
B
|
it is a peptide hormone |
C
|
its main action is on hepatocytes |
D
|
it results in decreased glycogenolysis |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 60 |
Go |
Q:
|
Oxytocin is released from the: |
|
A
|
anterior pituitary. |
B
|
posterior pituitary. |
C
|
hypothalamus. |
D
|
thyroid gland. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 61 |
Go |
Q:
|
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) represents a physiologic state in which the body releases more ADH than required. This would likely result in: |
|
A
|
decreased urine osmolarity. |
B
|
increased serum osmolarity. |
C
|
increased expression of ADH receptors. |
D
|
increased urine sodium concentration. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Renal System | Endocrine System | |
|
| 62 |
Go |
Q:
|
A complete destruction of parafollicular cells may be expected to result in: |
|
A
|
decreased thyroid hormone synthesis. |
B
|
increased sodium reuptake by the kidneys. |
C
|
increased blood pressure. |
D
|
decreased calcium excretion by the kidneys. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 63 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following is true regarding oxytocin? |
|
A
|
it is produced by the anterior pituitary |
B
|
it is involved in uterine contractions during childbirth |
C
|
it is a steroid hormone |
D
|
it is only produced by women |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 64 |
Go |
Q:
|
A human lacking which of the following structures would be unable to produce luteinizing hormone? |
|
A
|
placenta |
B
|
anterior pituitary |
C
|
posterior pituitary |
D
|
ovary |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 65 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following substances is not released by the adrenal gland? |
|
A
|
cortisol |
B
|
epinephrine |
C
|
ACTH |
D
|
aldosterone |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 66 |
Go |
Q:
|
Increased reabsorption of bone can result in osteoporosis, or significant decrease in the structural integrity of bone. Which of the following hormones, if released in high amounts, would result in osteoporosis? |
|
A
|
parathyroid hormone |
B
|
thyroid hormone |
C
|
calcitonin |
D
|
insulin |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 67 |
Go |
Q:
|
Tropic hormones are hormones which: |
|
A
|
do not act on endocrine glands. |
B
|
act directly on target cells. |
C
|
are typically secreted by the anterior pituitary. |
D
|
are typically secreted by the posterior pituitary. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 68 |
Go |
Q:
|
An individual's thyroid levels are checked by their physician and it is found that the individual's T4 levels are markedly low. This could reflect:
I. overproduction of TSH
II. underproduction of TSH
III. deficient production by the thyroid gland |
|
A
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III only |
B
|
II and III only |
C
|
I and III only |
D
|
I, II and III |
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|
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Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 69 |
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Q:
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Which of the following molecules is NOT a component of the exocrine aspect of the pancreas? |
|
A
|
protease |
B
|
pancreatic lipse |
C
|
insulin |
D
|
bicarbonate |
|
|
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Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 70 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following are peptide hormones?
I. insulin
II. mineralocorticoids
III. thyroxine |
|
A
|
I only |
B
|
I and III only |
C
|
II and III only |
D
|
I, II and III |
|
|
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Tags:
Endocrine System | |
|
| 71 |
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Q:
|
In comparison to a patient without diabetes, a patient with type I diabetes would have: |
|
A
|
decreased levels of blood glucose. |
B
|
decreased levels of ketone bodies. |
C
|
decreased spleen mass. |
D
|
decreased rate of glycolysis. |
|
|
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Tags:
Endocrine System | |
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