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| 1 |
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Q:
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Which of the following types of memory allows immediate and precise recall of auditory information? |
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A
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echoic memory |
B
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iconic memory |
C
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episodic memory |
D
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long-term memory |
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 2 |
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Q:
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A nanny hides a noisy toy the 4-month-old baby was playing with while he is not watching. The baby is crying but not trying to search for the hidden toy. How would Jean Piaget interpret this fact? |
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A
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The baby was not genuinely interested in the toy. |
B
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The baby lacks selective attention. |
C
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The baby does not have object permanence. |
D
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The baby has a cognitive delay. |
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 3 |
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Q:
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Felix is a construction worker. He struggled to read as a child but he can move his body skillfully and learn new tools and techniques for his job. According to Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, which intelligence does this describe? |
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A
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Spatial |
B
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Auditory-musical |
C
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Linguistic |
D
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Kinesthetic |
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 4 |
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Q:
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Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development, listed in order are: |
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A
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Sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational, and preoperational |
B
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Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational |
C
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Preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational, and sensorimotor |
D
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Formal operational, concrete operational, preoperational, and sensorimotor |
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 5 |
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Q:
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Mia is 5 years old. She understands the importance of sharing and thinking of others. She is also able to understand other people's feelings. According to Piaget's Cognitive-Developmental stages, in which stage is Mia? |
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A
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sensorimotor |
B
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preoperational |
C
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concrete operational |
D
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formal operational |
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 6 |
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Q:
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In which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development would a child be able to associate a heart design as a symbol of love? |
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A
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sensorimotor |
B
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preoperational |
C
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concrete operational |
D
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formal operational |
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 7 |
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Q:
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A student explains that the phrase "How I wish I could recollect pi easily today!" helps him to remember a span of digits of mathematical constant Pi because the number of letters in each word is equal to the corresponding digit of Pi. This is an example of: |
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A
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wishful thinking |
B
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self-fulfilling prophecy |
C
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good numerical and verbal ability |
D
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mnemonic |
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 8 |
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Q:
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Mary is at a very boring party with few guests. The hostess asks Mary to text some of her friends and convince them to join the party. She wants Mary to lie about how much fun they are having to convince them to come. According to cognitive dissonance theory, at the end of the night Mary is most likely to feel that she had a good time if: |
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A
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The hostess offers Mary a large incentive to lie to her friends
|
B
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A large number of guests show up. |
C
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None of the extra invited guests show up. |
D
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The hostess offers Mary a small incentive to lie to her friends |
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 9 |
Go |
Q:
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Memory for stressful or emotionally charged events tends to be improved relative to more neutral events in most cases. These events possess: |
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A
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Primary Distinctiveness |
B
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Secondary Distinctiveness |
C
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Emotional Distinctiveness |
D
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Processing Distinctiveness |
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 10 |
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Q:
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6 months ago, on his 21st birthday Bill was in a motorcycle accident that caused severe retrograde amnesia. Once Bill's memories begin to return to him, which of the following is he most likely to be able to recall first? |
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A
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What he was doing the week before his accident |
B
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What he was doing the week after his accident |
C
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What he was doing on his 20th birthday |
D
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What he was doing last week |
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Tags:
Nervous System | Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 11 |
Go |
Q:
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During which of Piaget's stages in his cognitive development model does a child typically learn Conservation? |
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A
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Sensorimotor |
B
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Preoperational |
C
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Concrete operational |
D
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Formal operational |
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|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 12 |
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Q:
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Jamie is 5 years old. She understands the importance of sharing however is often egocentric when playing with friends. According to Piaget's Cognitive-Developmental stages, in which stage is Jamie? |
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A
|
sensorimotor |
B
|
preoperational |
C
|
concrete operational |
D
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formal operational |
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 13 |
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Q:
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Students are shown faces and told the names of those individuals. When tested on their recall ability, most students tended to remember the last few names more readily than other names. This is an example of: |
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A
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recency effect |
B
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primacy effect |
C
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serial recall |
D
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random recall |
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 14 |
Go |
Q:
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Debbie is driving and looking for an address. As she turns onto the block, she turns down the radio as she looks for the specific address. What property of attention causes this? |
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A
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Attention is limited |
B
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Attention is selective |
C
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Attention is unlimited |
D
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Attention is variable |
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 15 |
Go |
Q:
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Language is an important aspect of human communication. Which of the following properties is used to define language?
A. Language must be used to communicate between individuals
B. Language must be structured
C. Language must be generative
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A
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I only |
B
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I and II only |
C
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II only |
D
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I, II, and III |
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 16 |
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Q:
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Mickey is a baby who explores by crawling and pulling up on objects. When he finds something new, he tries to place it in his mouth. According to Piaget's Cognitive-Developmental stages, in which stage is Mickey? |
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A
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sensorimotor |
B
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preoperational |
C
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concrete operational |
D
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formal operational |
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 17 |
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Q:
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Matthew can remember very long lists of digits. After reading the list, he repeats the digits aloud or in his head to remember them. When you return hours later, Matthew cannot recall a single previous digit. He only guesses. Matthew is having trouble transferring the digit list between which two kinds of memory storage? |
|
A
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Sensory to Working Memory |
B
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Sensory to Long Term Memory |
C
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Working to Long Term Memory |
D
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Numerical Thinkpad to Long Term Memory |
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 18 |
Go |
Q:
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In an experiment, participants were played identical notes 5-15 times with random amounts of time between each note, between 5 and 15 seconds. Participants were asked to count the number of times the note was played. This experiment measures which type of attention? |
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A
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focused attention |
B
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divided attention |
C
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selective attention |
D
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alternating attention |
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 19 |
Go |
Q:
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Two scientists are discussing language development. The first scientist believes in the existence of a critical period for language development in children. The second scientist believes that both biological and social influences play a role in language development. Which two language development theories are represented by the scientists? |
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A
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Nativist, Interactionist |
B
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Interactionist, Nativist |
C
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Nativist, Learning |
D
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Learning, Nativist |
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 20 |
Go |
Q:
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A researcher conducts an experiment to examine how situational factors influence memory recall. Subjects learn strings of random letters and they are then tested on their ability to recall the information at a later date. One group of subjects takes the memory recall test in the same room where they learned the random letter strings, whereas the other group of subjects takes the memory recall test in an unfamiliar room. In this experiment, the dependent variable is which of the following? |
|
A
|
the type of room |
B
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recall rate |
C
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length of random letter strings |
D
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situational factors |
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 21 |
Go |
Q:
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Scientist A has discovered that the type of neural activity seen in children differs greatly from adult neural activity. In addition, scientist B has shown that the changes in neural activity to result from the "pruning" of certain neural interactions in favor of successful neural interactions. Which two concepts are represented by the scientists A and B? |
|
A
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Neural plasticity, long term potentiation |
B
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Neural plasticity, excitatory synapses |
C
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Inhibitory synapses, long term potentiation |
D
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Inhibitory synapses, Neural Plasticity |
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 22 |
Go |
Q:
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Results from a study of cellphone usage among drivers involved in car crashes reveals that, compared to non-distracted drivers, drivers using cell phones, even the hands-free models, were 4 times more likely to crash, while drivers conversing with passengers were only 1.6 times more likely to crash. Which of the following conclusions can reasonably be drawn from these results? |
|
A
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Auditory sensory inputs are stronger during distracted driving than are visual sensory inputs. |
B
|
Activity in the occipital lobe is stunted in the cellphone group compared to the passenger group. |
C
|
Passengers and drivers do not appear to be heavily involved in conversation. |
D
|
Differences in selective attention among distracted drivers relates to crash involvement probability. |
|
|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 23 |
Go |
Q:
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Satyana's house burned to the ground on Sept. 25 of last year. Her memories of what she did on that day are more vivid and more easily recalled than are her memories of her actions on less eventful days. Which of the following explains her superior recall of events on the traumatic day? |
|
A
|
Stress hormones and activity in the amygdala flood the brain with enhanced memory-processing capability during traumatic events. |
B
|
Memory capacity is increased during traumatic events due to enhanced sensory input. |
C
|
Memories of actions surrounding traumatic events are processed visually rather than acoustically or semantically. |
D
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Working memory and storage capacity increase in response to stress hormones in times of trauma. |
|
|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 24 |
Go |
Q:
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During which stage of sleep do spindle waves occur? |
|
A
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Stage 4, as evidenced by the presence of alpha waves. |
B
|
Stage 2, as evidenced by the presence of muscle twitching. |
C
|
Stage 3, as evidenced by the presence of Theta waves. |
D
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Stage 1, as evidenced by the presence of REM. |
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 25 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following might prevent Korsakoff's syndrome? |
|
A
|
Removing chemicals from cigarettes |
B
|
Increasing reliance on social support among minorities |
C
|
Fortifying alcoholic beverages with Vitamin B1 |
D
|
Adding socio-emotional skills training to elementary education |
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|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 26 |
Go |
Q:
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Researchers wishing to test spatial intelligence, logical/mathematical intelligence, and kinesthetic intelligence would assess performance on which of the following measures, respectively? |
|
A
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Problem-solving, image rotation, and motor skills tasks. |
B
|
Critical thinking, calculation, and reading comprehension tasks. |
C
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Image rotation, problem-solving, and coordination tasks. |
D
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Visual processing, Critical thinking, and reading comprehension tasks. |
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|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 27 |
Go |
Q:
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An individual unfortunately finds themselves in a severe motor vehicle accident. Subsequently, they have immense difficulty with their declarative memory. Which of the following regions of the brain may have been affected? |
|
A
|
occipital lobe |
B
|
frontal lobe |
C
|
temporal and parietal lobe |
D
|
temporal lobe |
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|
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Tags:
Nervous System | Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 28 |
Go |
Q:
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A doctor develops a theory of disease etiology. She decides that her research findings, while equivocal, most likely support her theory, but subsequent independent testing does not confirm and in fact refutes her findings. She never waivers in her support for her theory even though over time findings from most other studies refute it. Which factor relevant to cognitive decision-making likely produced the doctor's belief that her findings support her theory, and which factor accounts for her insistence that her theory is correct despite the evidence? |
|
A
|
Availability heuristic; representativeness heuristic. |
B
|
Belief perseverance; availability heuristic. |
C
|
Confirmation bias; belief perseverance. |
D
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Representativeness heuristic; confirmation bias. |
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 29 |
Go |
Q:
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A patient presents to the hospital with changes in speech pattern. Her speech is non-fluent and labored and difficult to comprehend. Damage to which of the following regions of the brain could explain this behavior? |
|
A
|
Occipital Lobe |
B
|
Broca's area |
C
|
Wernicke's area |
D
|
Medulla and Pons |
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|
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Tags:
Nervous System | Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 30 |
Go |
Q:
|
Chronic alcohol consumption can cause which of the following neurological disorders? |
|
A
|
Dementia |
B
|
Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy |
C
|
Korsakoff's Syndrome |
D
|
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis |
|
|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 31 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which brain region is involved in understanding written and spoken language? |
|
A
|
Broca's Area |
B
|
Wernicke's Area |
C
|
Hippocampus |
D
|
Amygdala |
|
|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 32 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following is considered the deepest stage of sleep in the sleep cycle? |
|
A
|
Stage 1 |
B
|
Stage 2 |
C
|
Stage 3 |
D
|
REM |
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|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 33 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following best differentiates procedural memory from declarative memory? |
|
A
|
Procedural memory includes memories of sounds and smells
|
B
|
Procedural memory involves sequences and routines
|
C
|
Procedural memory involves the hippocampus
|
D
|
Procedural memory preserves the memory of images
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|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 34 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following best describes what semantic and episodic memories have in common? |
|
A
|
They refer to factual knowledge retained
|
B
|
Their activity is highly concentrated in the hippocampus
|
C
|
They are a type of working memory
|
D
|
They are most easily described in words
|
|
|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 35 |
Go |
Q:
|
George A. Miller, one of the founders of cognitive psychology, postulated that memory "chunks" were the largest, meaningful unit that a person recognizes. With regard to short-term memory, which of the following best describes the definition of a "chunk"? |
|
A
|
A binary bit of memory information
|
B
|
An incomplete partial memory
|
C
|
An organized whole item in primary memory storage
|
D
|
A hierarchical memory system
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|
|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 36 |
Go |
Q:
|
Ryan is sitting on a park bench and watches a car drive off away from him. While his retinal image of the car gets smaller, he does not perceive the car to be shrinking. This is an example of: |
|
A
|
Retinal disparity
|
B
|
Binocular disparity |
C
|
Shape constancy |
D
|
Size constancy
|
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|
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Tags:
Sensory Processing | Making Sense of the Environment | Nervous System | |
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| 37 |
Go |
Q:
|
In a memory study, an experimenter reads the same list of words separately to Subject A and Subject B. Subject A is asked to count the letters in each word, while Subject B is asked to focus on the meaning of each word. Subject B is told that this is for a subsequent recall test. During that subsequent recall test, Subject B can recall significantly more words than Subject A. Which of the following can explain this difference? |
|
A
|
A difference in priming between the two subjects. |
B
|
A difference in levels of processing between the two subjects. |
C
|
Subject A was only accessing procedural memory.
|
D
|
Subject A was only accessing episodic memory.
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|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 38 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following is FALSE regarding intelligence? |
|
A
|
Intelligence can be measured by standardized tests.
|
B
|
Intelligence is based on a combination of inherited and environmental factors.
|
C
|
The presence of three sets of a particular chromosome can cause mental retardation.
|
D
|
Intelligence is monogenic.
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|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 39 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following is NOT an example of episodic memory? |
|
A
|
Jane remembers the name of the librarian at the library she frequents.
|
B
|
Fred remembers what happened during his most recent interaction with his friend, Aaron, two weeks ago.
|
C
|
Mary remembers how to ride a bike even after 5 years of not riding.
|
D
|
Michael has a fear of dogs due to being bit by one in his youth.
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|
|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 40 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following examples best demonstrates the availability heuristic? |
|
A
|
Every criminal Margaret sees on television has a tattoo. When her daughter brings home a boyfriend with a tattoo, Margaret is concerned about her daughter associating with criminals. |
B
|
At John's private school, eight of his friends' fathers own very expensive sports cars. John concludes that it is relatively easy to earn enough money to buy expensive cars. |
C
|
Richard has purchased a lottery ticket every week since he was 18 years old. At 45, he continues to buy them because he is "due" to win soon based on how many he has purchased already. |
D
|
Nina's pre-exam routine is to chew a piece of fruity chewing gum. During the break before her final exam, she chews a piece of fruity chewing gum. |
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|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 41 |
Go |
Q:
|
A tasting panel screens participants for the sensitivity of their tastes. One test involves preparing two sweet solutions and asking the participant to identify whether the two solutions are equally sweet or not. The threshold being tested is: |
|
A
|
absolute threshold |
B
|
recognition threshold |
C
|
terminal threshold |
D
|
differential threshold |
|
|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 42 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the Gambler's fallacy cognitive bias? |
|
A
|
A poker player calculates his odds of winning a hand as 8% but places a very high bet nonetheless. |
B
|
A teenager discounts the risk of smoking because his friends smoke and have not affected their health. |
C
|
A young woman survives a severe car accident and believes that wearing a seat belt is no longer necessary because the likelihood of being in another severe car accident is exceedingly low. |
D
|
A student believes that the probability of flipping a quarter twice consecutively has a better chance of landing tails-tails than heads-heads because the side of the coin that is heads is heavier and will thus morel likely land facing down. |
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|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 43 |
Go |
Q:
|
A new diet is promoted by an organization which claims the diet can help cure cancer. Susan decides the diet is right for her after she discusses the benefits of the diet with many patients who used the same diet and survived their cancers. Susan's determination that the diet will be effective is likely influenced by which of the following? |
|
A
|
survivorship bias |
B
|
gambler's fallacy |
C
|
belief bias |
D
|
hindsight bias |
|
|
|
Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 44 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following strategies would aid in the memorization of a long list of unrelated objects? |
|
A
|
Splitting up the list into short segments to be memorized separately. |
B
|
Condensing the list into a long string of the objects. |
C
|
Providing a foreign language translation of each object on the list. |
D
|
Having the person close their eyes while they memorize the list. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 45 |
Go |
Q:
|
A triangle test is a sensory evaluation conducted to determine whether participants can detect a difference between two items. For a taste triangle test, Solutions 1 and 2 are identical and Solution 3 is the comparison. If the solutions are indistinguishable, what percentage of participants would correctly identify Solution 3 as being different from Solutions 1 and 2? |
|
A
|
0% |
B
|
16.5% |
C
|
33% |
D
|
100% |
|
|
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Tags:
Miscellaneous Psychology | Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 46 |
Go |
Q:
|
While attending an information session for a self-help program, participants are invited to listen to testimonials from past attendees whose lives benefited immensely from the program. This is an example of which type of bias? |
|
A
|
hindsight bias |
B
|
fundamental attribution error |
C
|
anchoring |
D
|
survivorship bias |
|
|
|
Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 47 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following is the first of Piaget's stages of development? |
|
A
|
preoperational |
B
|
formal operational |
C
|
concrete operational |
D
|
sensorimotor |
|
|
|
Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
|
| 48 |
Go |
Q:
|
Sarah has just moved to a noisy apartment in the city. Initially, the noise was irritating, but over time she got used to it. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon? |
|
A
|
She only remembers what she wants to remember so she is forgetting about the noise. |
B
|
She has lived in the apartment so long her sense of hearing has been damaged. |
C
|
Once the novelty of living in a new city wears off everything is less annoying. |
D
|
Her brain has become accustomed to the noise and no longer initiates such a strong response. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 49 |
Go |
Q:
|
Jamal has to take a trip across country to start a new job. Although he has never traveled by either method, he decides to take the bus because he has read a lot of headlines about plane crashes lately. Which explanation below explains Jamal's reasoning? |
|
A
|
Plane crashes get a lot of media attention and therefore more easily come to mind. |
B
|
Some people are very confident in their opinion, despite contradictory information. |
C
|
It can be very difficult to change someone's mind if they are sure. |
D
|
Jamal thinks that one crash represents the norm in the airline industry. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 50 |
Go |
Q:
|
The Smiths have a daughter that is capable of remembering where things are, but she still has trouble seeing things from other people's perspective. According to Piaget: |
|
A
|
she is in a stage in which abstract reasoning allows her to remember objects, but events, very easily. |
B
|
her cognitive development is evolving, but not to the point of empathy. |
C
|
she is experiencing life through the basic senses of sight and sound. |
D
|
she can think abstractly and this is a more difficult cognitive task than memorization. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 51 |
Go |
Q:
|
The various stages of cognitive development (e.g., sensorimotor stage, concrete operational stage) were defined and developed by: |
|
A
|
Freud. |
B
|
Thorndike. |
C
|
Pavlov. |
D
|
Piaget. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 52 |
Go |
Q:
|
Mary is learning Portuguese in her classes, however she finds it difficult to learn and recall new vocabulary as she keeps confusing words with Spanish, a language in which she is fluent. This is an example of: |
|
A
|
relearning |
B
|
retroactive interference |
C
|
primacy effect |
D
|
proactive interference |
|
|
|
Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 53 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following is FALSE regarding memory? |
|
A
|
semantic networks are important for relating various concepts. |
B
|
emotion is an important component for memory retrieval. |
C
|
memories are known to decay over time. |
D
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recognition relates to identifying information without any cues. |
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Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 54 |
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Q:
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An infant learns to avoid touching the stove because it caused pain during previous instances. This serves as an example of: |
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A
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classical conditioning |
B
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operant learning |
C
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escape conditioning |
D
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observational learning |
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Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 55 |
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Q:
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A group of scientists observe that adults learning a new language are able to modify neuronal synapses in language centers through additional practice and study of the language. This serves as an example of: |
|
A
|
plasticity. |
B
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long term potentiation. |
C
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spreading activation. |
D
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proactive interference. |
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Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 56 |
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Q:
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Which of the following types of memory serves as temporary storage of information? |
|
A
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sensory memory |
B
|
working memory |
C
|
remote memory |
D
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quiescent memory |
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Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 57 |
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Q:
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Which of the following is an example of the anchoring heuristic? |
|
A
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A student more strongly defends the opinions of her family than the opinions of her teachers. |
B
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A person is more likely to buy a lottery ticket when a close friend has won the lottery. |
C
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A car dealer sells an overpriced car by first showing a car that is only slightly better but is vastly overpriced. |
D
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A child makes a decision based on the mood he woke up with in the morning. |
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 58 |
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Q:
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A proponent of the theory of multiple intelligences would be least likely to argue: |
|
A
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intelligence is composed of fluid and crystal intelligence, which are themselves indivisible intelligences. |
B
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emotional intelligence is a true intelligence. |
C
|
a single number is unlikely to encapsulate the intelligence an individual possesses. |
D
|
an individual may have competencies in a multitude of intelligences. |
|
|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 59 |
Go |
Q:
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For a baby, which of the following would NOT be considered a conditioned stimulus? |
|
A
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smile of the parent |
B
|
breast milk |
C
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the sound of a bottle of milk being warmed up |
D
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the opening of a door |
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 60 |
Go |
Q:
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A woman feels tense at a party with a number of new faces, with particularly negative emotions toward the male host. Upon reflection she realizes that the host is wearing the same cologne that her ex-husband wore. This situation ins an example of: |
|
A
|
James-Lange Theory. |
B
|
Canon-Bard Theory. |
C
|
Schachter-Singer Theory. |
D
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Reward Theory. |
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 61 |
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Q:
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Which of the following would be the best example of top-down processing? |
|
A
|
A diver comes upon a series of boards strewn the seafloor. As she examines the pieces she realizes she has stumbled upon a shipwreck. |
B
|
A mother recognizes her child among a crowd by first hearing the child yell out to her, then by visual recognition. |
C
|
In estimating the solution to a math problem, a student first makes a rough estimate about the answer, then completes each step of the calculation and confirms the original estimate was correct. |
D
|
A man walks into his home and finds his wife hugging another man. He is initially threatened but then realizes the other man is his wife's brother. |
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 62 |
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Q:
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The formal operational phase within developmental psychology refers to the stage where: |
|
A
|
imagination begins to develop. |
B
|
there is coordination of sensation and motor response. |
C
|
the principle of conservation begins to develop. |
D
|
abstraction regarding concepts takes place. |
|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 63 |
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Q:
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Stimulus discrimination involves: |
|
A
|
distinguishing a conditioned stimulus from an unconditioned stimulus. |
B
|
consciously avoiding certain stimuli. |
C
|
responding to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus. |
D
|
distinguishing from stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus. |
|
|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 64 |
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Q:
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A team of psychologists construct an experiment where incomplete lines were drawn on a page and volunteers were asked to describe the image. A large percentage of participants would describe seeing an object (such as a flower). This serves as an example of: |
|
A
|
theories of constancy. |
B
|
parallel processing. |
C
|
sensory adaptation. |
D
|
the Gestalt principles. |
|
|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 65 |
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Q:
|
Piaget mainly constructed theories regarding: |
|
A
|
motivation and changing behavior. |
B
|
psychological disorders. |
C
|
cognitive development. |
D
|
conditioning. |
|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 67 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following topics most closely relates to the concept of mirror neurons? |
|
A
|
thalamic intuition |
B
|
classical conditioning |
C
|
the elaboration likelihood model |
D
|
observational learning |
|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 68 |
Go |
Q:
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Severe alcohol use is implicated in which of the following conditions? |
|
A
|
Korsakoff syndrome |
B
|
Alzheimer's dementia |
C
|
neural plasticity syndrome |
D
|
frontotemporal dementia |
|
|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 69 |
Go |
Q:
|
An individual in the preoperational stage of cognitive development would be expected to: |
|
A
|
develop very logical thinking and become able to use inductive reasoning. |
B
|
learn object permanence. |
C
|
begin with symbolic interaction and thinking. |
D
|
learn that one's actions can affect the world around them. |
|
|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 70 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following are normal cognitive changes typically seen in adulthood:
I. decreased reaction time
II. decreased recognition of objects and people
III. decreased vocabulary and intellectual abilities |
|
A
|
I only |
B
|
I and II only |
C
|
II only |
D
|
I, II and III |
|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 71 |
Go |
Q:
|
The brain of a small primate is studied as it evaluates the photograph o giraffe. It is noted that this animal makes an impression of the photograph as a whole and then begins to focus on smaller details within the photograph as part of its assessment. This type of process can be referred to as: |
|
A
|
top-down processing. |
B
|
bottom-up processing. |
C
|
Gestalt principles. |
D
|
constancy. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 72 |
Go |
Q:
|
During a study, a participant is shown a photograph of a person dressed as Santa Claus at a Christmas Fair. A few days later, they are asked to describe the scene again and, specifically, what the weather was like. The participant claims that there was snow on the ground in the photograph when, in fact, there was not. This phenomenon is best explained by:
|
|
A
|
Working memory |
B
|
Episodic memory |
C
|
Spreading activation |
D
|
Elaborative rehearsal |
|
|
|
Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 73 |
Go |
Q:
|
The fact that all natural human languages distinguish between verbs and nouns could be considered evidence for which theory of linguistic acquisition?
|
|
A
|
Interactionist |
B
|
Behaviorist |
C
|
Nativist |
D
|
Extremist |
|
|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 74 |
Go |
Q:
|
Korsakoff's syndrome is a disease which can cause both retrograde and anterograde amnesia. It is often caused by a deficiency in:
|
|
A
|
Magnesium |
B
|
Thiamine |
C
|
Iron |
D
|
B12 |
|
|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 75 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following forms of memory is partially responsible for the recency effect?
|
|
A
|
Long term memory |
B
|
Phonological loop |
C
|
Short term memory |
D
|
Central executive |
|
|
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Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 76 |
Go |
Q:
|
Imagine that a child is given a whole pizza at the same time that his brother given a pizza of the exact same size but cut into 8 slices. The first child is jealous of his brother, who he believes has more pizza than him. This child is most likely in what Piagetian stage of development. |
|
A
|
Preoperational |
B
|
Postoperational
|
C
|
Formal operational
|
D
|
Concrete operational
|
|
|
|
Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 77 |
Go |
Q:
|
What is one reason why Broadbents early selection theory is unable to account for the cocktail party effect? |
|
A
|
It does not take into account the need for there to be a sensory register involved in selective attention.
|
B
|
It only proposes selective filtration of sensory information.
|
C
|
It only succeeds in explaining divided attention.
|
D
|
It proposes that complete filtration of sensory information takes place before the information is subjected to perceptual processes.
|
|
|
|
Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 78 |
Go |
Q:
|
Long division is a method that allows one to find the number that results from dividing one number by another, up to a given number of decimal places. It guarantees that one will find the number as long as one follows the method correctly, but it may take a long time for large numbers. What type of problem solving does long division exemplify?
|
|
A
|
Trial and error
|
B
|
Heuristics
|
C
|
Algorithm
|
D
|
Inductive reasoning
|
|
|
|
Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 79 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the below best describes alpha brain waves? These brain waves have a frequency of:
|
|
A
|
0.5-3 Hz
|
B
|
4-7 Hz
|
C
|
8-13 Hz
|
D
|
12-30 Hz
|
|
|
|
Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
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| 80 |
Go |
Q:
|
A researcher wants to study functional fixedness in a group of subjects. Which methodological approach would be most appropriate?
|
|
A
|
Use an encephalogram on the subjects.
|
B
|
Give the subjects the pendulum problem.
|
C
|
Give the subjects Duncker`s candle problem.
|
D
|
Give the subjects a dichotic listening task.
|
|
|
|
Tags:
Making Sense of the Environment | |
|
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